The development history of instrumentation

In recent years, with the popularization and application of microelectronic technology and computers, industrial automation instruments have adopted a large number of advanced manufacturing processes in the manufacturing process, such as new special-purpose chips, patch components, etc., and have adopted advanced control technology in technology. , Such as double backup of the main control system, fast communication network and open compatible system, etc., to improve the reliability and life of the automatic control system and instruments, expand the function, accelerate the update speed, and update a system almost every two years.

In the future, the development of automatic control systems and instruments will undergo major changes in the following three aspects.

(1) System function integration: it is more closely integrated with computers, power electronic devices and strong current control, continuous control and intermittent control are used together.

(2) The emergence of a new field bus structure, which expands the self-diagnosis function of the instrument, and is convenient for maintenance. The system connection is more reliable and simpler, so the installation cost is greatly reduced, and the control scale is variable.

(3) Enable new smart modules. New types of sensors such as optical fiber sensors, polymer sensors, and biosensors continue to appear and will develop rapidly.

The transmitter adopts high-performance microprocessor and communication technology to realize digitization, communication and intelligence, improve the range and range ratio, have temperature and pressure compensation, realize self-diagnosis, remote configuration, remote adjustment of zero position and measurement Range and PID control set points, and apply dot matrix light beam display technology to display measured variables and set values.

Detecting instruments continue to adopt new sensing technology and microelectronics technology, and develop towards digitalization, intelligence, high degree, resistance to special media, special environments, capable of measuring extreme parameters and non-contact measurement, and long life. With the development of intermittent process control, there will be new developments in the online detection of various mechanical quantities, state quantities, chemical composition quantities and other new measuring instruments. Actuators, especially regulating valves, will develop towards high temperature, high pressure, high differential pressure, quick cut-off (opening), corrosion resistance, wear resistance, large diameter, high power and high precision to meet the needs of special working conditions.

In order to meet the needs of the development of all-digital control systems, actuators will accelerate the process of digitization and intelligence. The development of application software, new control technology, artificial intelligence technology (mainly including fuzzy control, ^ system and neural network), especially the application of ^ system in automatic control systems, will be further developed. In the future, the commercial profits of automatic control systems and instruments will mainly come from software. With the development of factory automation systems, the integration of mechatronics, the integration of three electrics (electronic computers, electronic instruments, electrical equipment) (CIE), power electronic technology and products will continue to develop and be widely used.

With the development of high and new technology, the testing industry is facing new challenges, especially in modern aviation, aerospace, underwater research, bioengineering, new energy, new materials, and many testing tasks in the field of information technology. It is often impossible to complete. Therefore, since the 1970s, measurement work has been carried out with the assistance of computers. With the help of a microprocessor, an instrument can be made to add a knowledge processing layer in addition to the physical layer and data processing layer. Thereby it can automatically correct the zero point, automatically compensate the temperature drift, improve the measurement accuracy, draw a more ideal test result, and promote the technical level of the test instrument to a new level.